Document Type : Scientific-Research

Author

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Theology and Religions, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran, Tehran

Abstract

Shiite and Sunni Hadith sources have reported numerous narrations on the news of Imam Husayn's martyrdom (A.S.) and his Turbat (the soil of the grave of Imam). A number of these narrations were also about the Imamate of Imam Sajjad (A.S.) and his Successorship, narrated by Umm Salama. The present paper's question is: Which of these reports have been narrated by Umm Salama? Can historical evidences prove that she narrated all these reports? Regarding the contrasts and differences of these reports, and analyzing historical reports on the time of Umm Salama's demise, we can conclude that all these reports cannot be attributed to her. As a result, through historical, Rijal, and Hadith analyses on Shi'ite and Sunni sources, it is concluded that several of these narrations have historical anachronism, which means that all of them cannot be ascribed to Umm Salama.

Keywords

List of sources with English handwriting
Arabic Sources
-       Abī Ya‘lī (n. d.), Mosnad Abī Ya‘lī, Beirut: Dār al- Mamūn liltorāṯ.
-       Aḥmad b. ‘Abdallāh Ṭabarī (1356 Š.), aāir al-Oqbā, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Ĵahān.
-       Arbilī (1985), Kašf al- ima fi Ma‘rifa al- Aima, Beirut: Dār al- Ażva.
-       ‘Abd b. Ḥamīd (1988), Al- Montaab min Mosnad ‘Abd amīd, Beirut: Maktaba al- Nihża al- ‘Arabīyya.
-       ‘Āmalī, Ĵafar Mortażā (1426), Al- aī min Sīra al-Nabī, Beirut: Dār al-Ḥadīṯ.
-       ‘Ayyāšī, Moḥammad b. Mas‘ūd (n. d.), Tafsīr ‘Ayyāšī, Tehran: al-Maktaba al- ‘Elmīyya al- Eslāmīyya.
-       Baḥrānī, Hašim b. Solaymān (1413), Madīna Mo‘āĵiz, Qom: Moassisa al-Ma‘ārif al-Eslaāmīyya.
-       Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. Ḥosayn (n. d.), Al-Sonan al-Kobrā, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
-       Bilāẕorī (1959), Ansāb al-Ašrāf, Edited by Moḥammad Ḥamidallāh, Egypt: Dār al-Ma‘ārif.
-       Boḵārī (n. d.), Al- Tārīk al-Kabīr, Edited by Moḥammad Azhar, Turkey: al- Maktaba al-Eslāmīyya.
-       Ebn Abī Šaiba Kūfī, Abdallāh b. Moḥammad(1409), Al-Moanif, Beirut: Dār Al-Fikr.
-       Ebn A‘ṯam (1991), Al-Fotū, Edited by ‘Alī Šīrī, Beirut: Dār al-Ażvā.
-       Ebn Aṯīr, ‘Alī b. Abī al-Akram (n. d.), Asad al-āba, Beirut: Dār Al-Kitāb Al-‘Arabī.
-       Ebn Aṯīr, Ezz-al-Dīn Abu’l-Hasan ‘Alī (1965), Al-Kāmil Fi al-Tārī, Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.
-       Ebn Ayyūb Bāĵī (n. d.), Al-Ta ‘dīl va al-Taĵrī, Moracco: Vizārat al-Oqāf.
-       Ebn ‘Abdalbar (1992), Al-Estī‘āb, Edited by ‘Alī Moḥammad Al-Baĵāvī, Beirut: Dār al-ĵīl.
-       Ebn ‘Asākir (1995), Tārī Madīna Damišq, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
-       Ebn Bābūya Qomī (1404), A-Emāmā va al-Tabīra, Qom: Madrasa-ye Emām Mahdī.
-       Ebn Biṭrīq (1407), ‘Omadat ‘Oūn ayyā, Qom: Muassisa al-Našr al-Eslāmī.
-       Ebn Ḥaĵar ‘Asqalānī (1415), Al-Aāba, Beirut: Dār Al-Kitāb al-‘Elmīyya.
-       Ebn Ḥamza al-Ṯūsī (1412), Al-āqab fi al-Manāqab, Qom: Mossisa-ye Anṣārīān.
-       Ebn Ḥibān (1993), aī Ebn ibān, Beirut: Moassisa al-Risāla.
-       Ebn Ḥibān (1973), Al-iqāt, Hidarabad: Entišārāt-e Maĵlis Dāira al-Ma ‘ārif al-‘Oṯmānīa.
-       Ebn Kaṯīr (1408), Al-Bidāya va al-Nihāya, Edited by ‘Alī Šīrī, Beirut: Dār Eḥyā.
-       Ebn Qolūya, Ĵafar b. Moḥammad (1417), Kāmil al-Zīyarat, Qom: Moassisaal-Našr al-Eslāmī.
-       Ebn Qotayba Dīnavarī (1969), Al-Ma‘ārif, Edited by Ṯirvat ‘Akāša, Egypt: Dār al-Ma‘ārif.
-       Ebn Qotayba Dīnavarī (n. d.), Tavīl al-Motalif al-adī, Beirut: Dār al-Kotob al-‘Elmīyya.
-       Ebn Rāhūya, Esḥāq (1412), Mosnad Ebn Rāhūya, Medina: Maktaba al-Emān.
-       Ebn Sa‘d, Moḥammad b. Sa‘d (1930), abaqāt al-Kobrā, Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.
-       Ebn Šahrāšūb (1956), Manāqib Āl Abīālib, Qom: Al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya.
-       ‘Eynī, Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd (n. d.), ‘Omda al-Qārī, Beirut: Dār al- Eḥyā al- Torāṯ.
-       Forāt b. Ebrāhīm Kūfī (1410), Tafsīr Forāt al- Kūfi, Tehran: Moassisa al- Ṭab‘ va al- Našr.
-       Ḥāfiẓ Raĵab Barsī (1999), Mašāriq al- Anvār al- Yaqīn, Beirut: Moassisa A‘lamī.
-       Ḥākim Ḥaskānī (1990), Šavāhid al-Tanzīl, Qom: Maĵma‘ Eḥyā al-Ṯiqāfa al-Eslāmī.
-       Ḥākim Nayašābūrī, Abī ‘Abdallāh (n. d.), Al- Mostadrak, Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifa.
-       Ḥosayn b. ‘Abdalvahāb (1369 Š.), ‘Oyūn al- Mo‘ĵizāt, Naĵaf: Al- Maṭba‘a al- Ḥaydarīyya.
-       Ḥosayn b. Sa‘īd (1399), Al- Zohd, Qom: Al- Maṭba‘a al- ‘Elmīyya.
-       ḵalīfa b. ḵayyāt (1993), abaqāt alīfa, Edited by Sohayl Zakār, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
-       ḵaṣībī (1411), Al- Hidāya al- Kobrā, Beirut: Moassisa al- Balāḡ.
-       ḵaṭīb Baḡdādī (1997), Tārī al- Badād ao Madīna al- Salām, Beirtu: Dār al- Kotob al-‘Elmīyya.
-       Kolaynī, Kāfī (1363 Š.), Šar al- Abār, Moassisa Al- Našr al- Eslāmī.
-       Maqrīzī (1999), Amtā‘ al-Asmā‘, Manšūrāt, Lebanon: Dār al- Kotob al- ‘Elmīyya.
-       Mazī (1406), Tahīb al- Kamāl, Beirut: Moassisa al-Risālā.
-       Mofīd, Abī ‘Abdallāh Moḥammad b. al- No‘mān (1414), Al- Eršād, Beirut: Dār al- Mofīd.
-       Mofīd Abī ‘Abdallāh Moḥammad b. al- No‘mān (1414), Al- Amālī, Beirut: Dār Al- Mofīd.
-       Moḥammad b. Ḥabīb Baḡdādī (1361.), Al- Mobir, Maba‘a al- Dāira.
-       Nayšābūrī, Moslim b. al- Ḥaĵĵāĵ (n. d.), aī Moslim, Beirut: Dār al- Fikr.
-       Novarī, Aḥmad b. ‘Abd Vahhāb (n. s.), Nahāyat al- Arb, Qom.
-       Novvī, Moḥya al-Dīn b. šaraf (1987), Šaraī Moslim, Beirut: Dār al- Kotob al- ‘Arabī.
-       Qāżī No‘mān Maḡribī (1414), Šar al- Abār, Qom: Moassisa Al- Našr al-Eslāmī.
-       Sayyid b. Ṭāvūs (1399), arāif, Qom: Al- ḵayyām.
-       Sayyid b. Ṭāvūs (1416), Al-Tašrīf, Qom: Moassisa Ṣāḥib al-Amr.
-       Ṣadūq (1405), Kamāl al-Dīn, Edited by ‘Alī Akbar Ḡafārī, Qom: Moassisa Našr Eslāmī.
-       Ṣadūq, Moḥammad b. ‘Alī b. al-Hosayn (1417), Al-Amālī, Qom: Moassisa al-Biṯa.
-       Ṣaffār (1362 Š.), Baāir al- Daraĵāt, Tehran: Manšūrāt al- A‘alamī.
-       Ṣafdī (1420), Al- Vāfī Bilvāfīyyāt, Beirut: Dār Eḥyā al- Torāṯ.
-       Ṣāliḥī Šāmī (1993), Sabl al- Hodā va al-Eršād, Beirut: Dār al- Kotob al- ‘Elmīyya.
-       Tarmazī (1983), Al-Sonan al-Tarmazī, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
-       Ṭabarānī (1415), Al- Mo‘ĵam al- Osa, Beirut: Dār al- Ḥaramayn.
-       Ṭabarānī (1397), Al- Mo‘ĵam al- Kabīr, Cairo: Maktaba Ebn Taymīyya.
-       Ṭabarānī (n. d.), Al- Mo‘ĵam al- aīr, Beirut: Dār al- Kotob al- ‘Elmīyya.
-       Ṭabarī, Moḥammad b. Ĵarīr (1983), Tārīk al- Omam va al- Molūk, Brill, Moassisa al- ‘A‘lamī.
-       Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. Ḥasan (141), Al- Amālī, Edited by Moassisa al-Risāla, Qom: Dār al-Ṯiqāfa.
-       Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. Ḥasan (1411), Al-ayba, Qom: Moassia al- Ma‘ārif al-Eslāmīyya.
-       Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. Ḥasan (1415), Riĵāl al-Abvāb, Qom: Moassisa al- Našr al-Eslāmī.
-       Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. Ḥasan (1364), Tahīb al- Ahkām, Tehran: Dār al-Kotob.
-       Yaqūbī (n. d.), Tārī Yaqūbī, Qom: Al- Moassisa Našr Farhang Ahl Bayt (pbuh).
-       Ẕahbī (1961), Al- ‘Ebar, Edited by Foād Sayyid, Kuwait: Dār al- Maṭbū‘āt va al-Našr.
-       Ẕahbī (1992), Al- Kāšif, Jidda: Dār al-Qibla.
-       Ẕahbī (1998), Tārīk Al- Eslām, Beirut: Dār Al- Kotob al- ‘Arabī.
-       Ẕahbī (1993), Sīar al- A‘lām al- Nabla, Beirut: Moassisa al- Risāla.
-       Żaḥāk, Aḥmad b. Abī ‘Āṣ (1991), Al- Āād va al- Maānī, Riyadh: Dār al- Dorrīyya.