Document Type : Scientific-Research
Author
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
This study aims to examine various sarcasms and invectives of the Islamic East in a documentary and library method with a historical, analytical, and critical approach. The historical roots of these Maṯālīb-Negārī written with the purpose of establishing other shortcomings, i.e., criticizing, blaming, and slandering the rival, are ignorance and ethnic rivalries. However, after Islam, it gradually developed into topics such as jurisprudence and theology, political leaders, sects, religious imams and Sufism. Research shows that the Maṯālīb-Negārī, as Islamic historiography, often belongs to the Islamic East and does not occur in the West of Islam except for some brief notes. Maṯālīb-Negārī is often under the influence of immoral causes and factors such as exaggeration, populism, ethnic nervousness, socio-political factors, hostility and misunderstanding, competition and profit-seeking motives, but has opened its place in the history of Islamic literature due to the interference of factors such as truth-seeking, violation and change of narrators. Protecting people's faith and repelling and rejecting heretics or confronting bad speakers and bad writers cannot be ignored in creating what is called Maṯālīb-Negārī. Many legal scholars and experts are of the opinion that Maṯālīb-Negārī should be changed from the title of Maṯālīb to a moral act in the light of these motivations, or should fall out of the realm of sanctity in the sense of jurisprudence due to more important practical considerations. It seems that many of the existing Maṯālīb were written with the same motives and had important religious purposes, but we cannot ignore the fact that these works played an undeniable role in creating skepticism, slander, and enmity from a negative point of view.
Keywords
Main Subjects
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