Document Type : Scientific-Research

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of History and Islamic Studies, Faculty of Literature, Isfahan University

2 Lecturer Department of Education, Isfahan University of Technology

Abstract

At the beginning of the establishment of the Islamic government, the Messenger of God (SAWS) started to take purposeful measures in order to strengthen his newborn governance. One of his outstanding measures was to codify a general treaty among all the people of Medina including the Jews, which allowed for peaceful coexistence in the town.
Among the Jewish tribes inhabiting Medina, Banu Qaynaqa’ signed the treaty with the Messenger of God. However, for some reasons to be discussed in the article, later on they took the pathway of hostility and enmity to Islam and the Prophet. Having become unable to oppose the Prophet and Muslims, eventually they surrendered and were banished from Medina in accordance with the divine decision. The opposition between Banu Qaynaqa’ and the Messenger of God is among the cases addressed by Quran.
The present article aims to answer the question what is the Quran’s attitudinal and authorship approach to the opposition. In view of the philosophy of the revelation of Quran, i.e. the guidance of the humankind, it seems that the Qur’anic historical working-through of historical events including Ghazwa Banu Qaynaqa’ is unique from both attitudinal and authorship perspectives and directed at the objective of guidance, which distinguishes Quran from historical sources.



Keywords

- Al-Āmilī, Dj.M. 2005. Al-Ṣaḥīḥ min Sīrah al-Nabī al-ʼAʻẓam. Vol.3. Dār al-Ḥadīth Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- Alwīrī, M. 2010. Nigāhi Tārīkhīyi Ḳurān wa Tārīkhī Nigārīyi Musalmānān. History of Islam, 1(1): 19-37. (In Persian) (Journal)
- Andulusī, A.Ḥ.M.Y. 1999. Al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ fī Tafsīr. Dār al-Fikr, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Ārif Kashafī, S.Dj. 2016. Rasūli Khudā (PBUH) wa Yahūd. S.M.R. Rahnamāī. & S.M.K. Madadī. (Editors).Adyn, Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- Balādhurī, A.Y.Dj. 1996. Kitāb Djumal min Ansāb al-Ashrāf. Vol.1. S. Zikār. & R. Zarkilī. (Editors). Dār al-Fikr, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Bayāt, ʻA. & Ḳ. Tādjbakhsh. 2007. Withāḳati Piymān Nāmih Madīnih. Pazhhishi Dīnī, 15: 87-110. (In Persian) (Journal)
- Bayḍāwī, ʻA.ʻA. 1997. Anwār al-Tanzīl wa Asrār al-Taʼwīl. Vol. 2. Dār al-Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Biyhaḳī, A.A.A. 1985. Dalāyil al-Nubuwah wa Maʻrifat Aḥwāli Ṣāḥib al-Sharīʻah. Vol. 3. ʻA. Ḳalʻadjī. (Editor). Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyih, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Dādāshzādih, M. 2006. Nigāhī Gudharā bi Tafāwuti Sīrih Nabawī dar Ḳurān wa Kutubi Sīrih. International Symposium of Payāmbari Aʻẓam (PBUH), P: 141-…. (In Persian) (Journal)
- Dānishkīyā, M.Ḥ. 2015. Ahdāf wa Wīzhigīhāyi Tārīkhi bā Taʼkīd bar Tārīkhi Islām. Tārīkhi Farhang wa Tamadun Islāmī, 5(16): 55-90. (In Persian) (Journal)
- ………………... 2015. Nigāhī Dīgar bi Tārīkhi dar Ḳurān. Maʻārif, Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- Darūzih, M.ʻI. 2004. Al-Tafsīr al-Ḥadīth. Dār al-Iḥyāʼ al-Kutub al-ʻArabī, Cairo. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Dhahabī, Sh.A. 1987. Tārīkh al- Islām. Dr.ʻA. Tadmurī. (Editor). Dār al-Kitāb al-ʻArabī, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Dīyār Bikrī, Ḥ. (n.d). Tārīkh al-Khamīs fī Aḥwāli Anfus al-Nafīs. Vol. 1. Dār al-Ṣādir, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Djaʻfarī, Y. 1997. Tafsīr al-Kūthar. Vol. 3. Hidjrat, Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- ………….. 2005. Tārīkhi Islām az Manẓari Ḳurān. Maʻārif, Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- Djaṣāṣ, A.ʻA. 1985. Aḥkām al-Ḳurān. Dār al-Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Fiyḍ Kāshānī, M.M. 1997. Al-ʼAṣfī fī Tafsīr al-Ḳurān. Islamic Propagation Center, Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- Ibn Abī Ḥātam, ʻA.M. 1998. Tafsīr al-Ḳurān al-ʻAẓīm. Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, Saudi Arabia. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Ibn ʻAdjībih, A.M. 1998. Al-Baḥr al-Madīd fī Tafsīr al-Ḳurān al-Madjīd. Ḥ. ʻA. Zakī, Cairo. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Ibn ʻAsākir, ʻA.Ḥ. 1994. Tārīkhi Madīnih Damishḳ. Vol. 19. Dār al-Fikr, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Ibn Hishām, ʻA. (n.d). Al-Sīrah al-Nabawīyah. Vol. 1&2. M. Al-Saḳā. & I. Al-Bayārī. & ʻA. Shalbī. (Editors). Dār al-Maʻrifah, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Ibn Kathīr Damishḳī, I. ʻA. 1998. Tafsīr al-Ḳurān al-ʻAẓīm. Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyih, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Ibn Saʻd, M.S. 1997. Al-Ṭabaḳāt al-Kubrā. Vol.2. Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyih, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Karīmī, M. & R. Umarāī. 2012. Tafsīri Ḳiṣaṣi Ḳurān dar Rūykardi ʻAlāmih Ṭabāṭabāī. Maʻrifat, 173: 21-40. (In Persian) (Journal)  
- Ḳurāni Karīm.
- Maḥalī, Dj. & Dj. Suyūṭī. 1995. Tafsīr al-Djalālīn. Al-Nūr, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Mughnīyih, M.Dj. 2003. Tafsīr al-Kāshif. Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyih, Tehran. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Nuwī Djāwī, M.ʻU. 2003. Marāḥ Labīd li Kāshf Maʻnī al-Ḳurān al-Madjīd. Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmīyih, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Rashīd al-Dīn Miybudī, A.A.S. 1992. Kashf al-Asrār wa ʻUdat al-Abrār. Amīr Kabīr, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)
- Rāzī, F.A.M.ʻU. 1999. Mafātīḥ al-Ghiyb. Dār al-Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Subḥānī, Dj. 2007. Furūghi Abadīyat. Būstāni Kitāb, Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- ……………. 2009. Manshūri Djāwīd. Vol.6. 2nd Ed. Imam Ṣādiḳ (PBUH), Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- Sabziwārī Nadjafī, M.Ḥ. 1986. Al-Djadīd fī Tafsīr al-Ḳurān al-Madjīd. Vol.3. Dār al-Taʻāruf Lilmaṭbūʻāt, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Samarḳandī, N.M.A. (n.d). Baḥr al-ʻUlūm. (n.n), (n.p). (In Arabic) (Book)
- Samhūdī, N. 1981. Wafāʼ al- Wafāʼ bi Akhbāri Dār al-Muṣṭafā. Dār al-Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
 - Siyyid bin Ḳuṭb, I.Sh. 1992. Fī Ẓilāli Ḳurān. Dār al-Shurūḳ, Beirut-Cairo. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Shādhilī, I.Ḥ. 1995.Al-Taṣwīr al-Fannī fī Ḳurān. Dār al-Shurūḳ, Beirut-Cairo. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Shākir, M.K. 2012. Tafsīrī Tārīkhī az Yahūd bar Asāsi Ḳurāni Karīm. Kitābi Ḳayyim, 2(6). (In Persian) (Journal)
- Ṣādiḳnīyā, M. & Ḥ. Suliymānī. & S.M.ʻA. Ṭabāṭabāī.  2013. Barrisīyi Āyāti Murtabiṭ bā Yahūdīyat dar al-Mīzān. Muṭāliʻāti Tafsīrī, 13: 7-30. (In Persian) (Journal)  
- Ṣādiḳī Tihrānī, M. 1986. Al-Furḳān fī Tafsīr al-Ḳurān bil-Ḳurān. Farhangi Islāmī, Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- Ṣādiḳī, M. 2002. Payāmbar (PBUH) wa Yahūdi Ḥidjāz. Būstāni Kitāb, Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- Ṣādr, S.M. 2001. Sunathāyi Tārīkhī dar Ḳurān. 3rd Ed. S.Dj. Mūsawī. (Translator). Tafāhum, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)
- Ṭabarī, A.Dj.M.Ḥ. 1967. Tārīkh al-Umam wa al-Mulūk. Vol.2. M.A. Ibrāhīm. (Editor). Dār al-Turāth, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Ṭabarsī, F.Ḥ. 1920. Aʻlām al-Warā bi Aʻlām al-Hudā. ʻA.A. Ghafārī. (Editor). Maktabah al-ʻIlmīyah al-Islāmīyah, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)
- ……………. 1993. Madjmaʻ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Ḳurān. Nāṣir Khusrū, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)
- ……………. 1993. Madjmaʻ al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Ḳurān. Vol. 4. Nāṣir Khusrū, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)
- Ṭabāṭabāī, M.Ḥ. 1985. Al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Ḳurān. Vol. 3-9. The Society of Seminary Teachers of Qum, Qum. (In Persian) (Book)
- Thaʻlabī Nishābūrī, A.A.A.A. 2001. Al-Kashf wa al-Bayān ʻan Tafsīr al-Ḳurān. Dār al-Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Ṭabāṭabāī, M.Ḥ. 1985. Yahūdi dar al-Mīzān. Subḥān, Tehran. (In Persian) (Book)
- Wāḥidī, ʻA.A. 1991. Asbāb Nuzūl al-Ḳurān. Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmīyih, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Wāḳidī, M.ʻA.1989. Al-Maghāzī. Vol. 1. M. Jones. (Editor). Al-Ilmīyih, Beirut. (In Arabic) (Book)
- Zuḥiylī, W.M. 2001. Tafsīr al-Wasīṭ. . Dār al-Fikr, Damascus. (In Arabic) (Book)