Document Type : Scientific-Research

Author

Assistant Professor,The Institute for Research and Development in the Humanities (SAMT)

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to understand the approved narrative of the Abbasids about the process of their emergence and to find its impact on the historical sources. I have tried to show how the Akhbar al-Tiwal's reports indicate a deliberate effort for providing a coherent and purposive explanation of the emergence and establishment of the Abbasid government. This report, as we will explain, is an ideal and approved account in the Abbasids' view point. Its components were formed in the period of caliphate of Abu Ja’far Mansur and his son, Mahdi. Thus, more than the historical information it may offer on the rise of the Abbasids government in comparison with other sources, the Akhbar al-Tiwal clarifies the structure and basic elements of this report in which Abbasids were interested. That is why it has been considered as an important source among others. In this paper, I am not going to deal with the attitudes of the author(s) or compiler(s) of Akhbar al-Tiwal, about whom there is very little information; rather, I will only focus on the qualities and structure of its historical report with regards to Abbasids' approach, namely those whose emergence are the basis of such reports. Therefore, discussing the influential formative factors of this historical report or comparing it with other reports of other incidents in this source are not at issue here.

Keywords

List of sources with English handwriting
- Ebn al-Aṯīr, ʿez al-Dīn abū al-Ḥasan ʿalī Ebn Abī al-Karam, 1965, al-Kāmel fī al-Tārīḵ, Beyrūt, dār ṣāder.
- Ebn Ṭaqṭaqī, Moḥammad Ebn ʿalī Ebn Ṭabāṭabā, 1997, al-Faḵrī fī al-Ādāb al-Solṭānīya wa al-Dowal al-Eslāmīya,research: ʿabd al-Qāder Moḥammad Māyū, ṭabʿat al-ʾawlā, Beyrūt, dār al-qalam al-ʿarabī.
- Ebn ʿasāker, Abī al-Qāsem ʿalī Ebn al-Ḥasan Ebn Hebatollāh Ebn ʿabdollāh, 1995, Tārīḵ Madīna Damešq,research: ʿomar Ebn Ḡarāma al-ʿomarwī, Beyrūt: dār al-fekr.
- Ebn Nadīm, Moḥammad Ebn Esḥāq, bītā, al-Fehrest, Beyrūt, dār al-maʿrefa.
- abū al-Faraǰ, ʿalī Ebn al-Ḥoseyn al-Eṣfahānī, bītā, Maqātel al-Ṭālebīyīn,research: Seyyed Aḥmad Ṣaqar, Beyrūt, dār al-maʿrefa.
- Aḥmadīmaneš, Moḥammad, 2018, Farāz va Forūde ʿabbāsīyān: Pažūhešī dar Sāḵtār va Taḥavvol Īdeʾoložī, eqteṣād va nahāde neẓāmī, Tehrān, samt.
- Ašʿarī, abū al-Ḥasan ʿalī Ebn Esmāʿīl, 1990, Maqālāt al-Eslāmīyīn wa Eḵtelāf al-Moṣallīn, research: Moḥammad Moḥyī al-Dīn ʿabd al-Ḥamīd, Beyrūt, al-maktaba al-ʿaṣrīya,
- abū Ḥanīfa, Aḥmad Ebn Dāwūd al-Dīnavarī, 1989, al-Aḵbār al-Ṭewāl, research: ʿabd al-Monʿem ʿāmer, Qom, manšūrāt al-raḍī.
- Ebn Qotayba, abū Moḥammad ʿabdollāh Ebn Moslem Ebn Qotaybe, 1992, al-Maʿāref, research: Ṯawrat ʿokāša, Qāhere, al-Hayʾa al-Meṣrīya al-ʿāma le al-Ketāb, ṭabʿ al-ṯānīya, 1992.
- Ebn Qotayba, abū Moḥammad ʿabdollāh Ebn Moslem Ebn Qotaybe, 2003, ʿoyūn al-Aḵbār, research: Yūsef al-Ṭewīl, Beyrūt, dār al-Kotob al-ʿelmīya.
- Ebn Qotayba, abū Moḥammad ʿabdollāh Ebn Moslem Ebn Qotaybe, 1990, al-Emāma wa al-Sīyāsa al-Maʿrūf be Tārīḵḵ al-Ḵolafāʾ, research: ʿalī Šīrī, Beyrūt, dār al-aḍwāʾ, ṭabʿa al-awlā.
- Ebn Aʿṯam Kūfī, Abū Moḥammad Aḥmad, 1991, Ketāb al-Fotūḥ, research: ʿalī Šīrī, Beyrūt, dār al-aḍwāʾ, ṭabʿ al-awlā.
- Ebn Ḵaldūn, ʿabd al-Raḥmān Ebn Moḥammad, 1988, Dīwān al-Mobtadā wa al-Ḵabar fī Tārīḵḵ al-ʿarab wa al-Barbar wa man ʿāṣarahom men ḏawī al-Šaʾn al-Akbar, research: Ḵalīl Šaḥādat, ṭabʿa al-ṯānīya, Beyrūt, dār al-fekr.
- Ebn Kaṯīr al-Damešqī, abū al-Fedāʾ Esmāʿīl Ebn ʿomar, 1986, al-Bedāya wa al-Nehāya, Beyrūt, dār al-fekr.
- Azdī, al-Šeyḵ abī Zakarīyā Yazīd Ebn Moḥammad Ebn Ayās Ebn al-Qāsem, 1967, Tārīḵ al-Mūṣel, research: ʿalī Ḥabībe, Qāhere, al-Maǰles al-Aʿlā le al-Šoʾūn al-Eslāmīya le J̌anna Eḥyāʾ al-Torāṯ al-Eslāmī.
- al-Balāḏorī, Aḥmad Ebn Yaḥyā Ebn J̌āber, 1996, Ketāb J̌amal men Ansāb al-Ašrāf, researche Soheyl Zokār va Rīyāż Zereklī, Beyrūt, dār al-fekr, ṭabaʿa al-awlā.
- Balʿamī (Mansūb), Tārīḵnāmeye Ṭabarī, ǰelde 1, 2: 1999, 3, 4, 5: alborz, 1994, research: Moḥammad Rowšan, Tehrān, ǰelde 1, 2: sorūš, ǰelde 3, 4, 5: alborz.
- Tanūḵī, Abī ʿalī al-Moḥsen Ebn ʿalī, 1978, al-Faraǰ Baʿd al-Šeddat, Beyrūt, dār ṣāder.
- J̌alīlīyān, Šahrām Īrāngerāyī dar Aḵbār al-Ṭewāl abū Ḥanīfa Dīnavarī, Pažūhešnāmeye Tārīḵe Eǰtemāʿī va Eqteṣādī, sale avval, pāyīz va zemestān 2012, šomāreye 2, darṣad 25-42.
- J̌ahešyārī, abū ʿabdollāh Moḥammad Ebn ʿabdūs, 1969, al-wozarāʾ wa al-Ketāb, research: Moṣṭafā Saqāʾ va Ebrāhīm al-Abyārī, tarǰome: abū al-Fażl Ṭabāṭabāyī, bīnā, bīǰā.
- Ḵalīfa Ebn Ḵayyāṭ, abū ʿamr Ḵalīfa Ebn Ḵayyāṭ Ebn abī Hobayra al-Leyṯī al-ʿaṣfarī, 1993, Tārīḵ Ḵalīfa Ebn Ḵayyāīṭ, Beyrūt, dār al-fekr.
- Danīyel, Elton, L., 1988, Tārīḵe Sīyāsī va Eǰtemāʿīye Ḵorāsān, Masʿūd Raǰabnīyā, Tehrān, ʿelmī va farhangī.
- al-Dūrī, ʿabd al-ʿazīz, 2006, al-ʿaṣr al-ʿabbāsī al-awal: Darāsa fī Tārīḵ al-Sīyāsī wa al-Edārī wa al-Mālī, Beyrūt, marakze darāsāt al-waḥda al-ʿarabīya.
- al-Ḏahabī, Šams al-Dīn Moḥammad Ebn Aḥmad, 1993, Tārīḵ al-Eslām wa wafīyāt al-Mašāhīr wa al-Aʿlām, research: ʿomar ʿabd al-Salām Tedmorī, Beyrūt, dār al-Ketāb al-ʿarabī.
- al-Ṣafdī, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Ḵalīl Ebn Ībek, 2000, al-wāfī be al-wafīyāt, research: Aḥmad al-Arnāwūṭ, Torkī Moṣṭafā, Beyrūt, dār eḥyāʾ al-torāṯ al-ʿarabī.
- Siyamiyan Gorji ,Zohair, 2014, " The Pattern of Narrative in Islamic Historiography Representation of al- Amin, the Abbasid caliph, in Dīnawarī’s al-akhbâr al-tiwâl ", Historical Sciences Studies, I 1, V5.
- Ṭabarī, Moḥammad Ebn J̌arīr, 1967, Tārīḵ al-Omam wa al-Molūk, research: Moḥammad abū al-Fażl Ebrāhīm, Beyrūt, dār al-torāṯ, ṭabʿa al-ṯānīya.
- Kāteb wāqedī, Moḥammad Ebn Saʿd, 1990, al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kobrā, research: Moḥammad ʿabd al-Qāder ʿaṭāʾ, Beyrūt, dār al-kotob al-ʿelmīya, ṭabʿa al-awlā.
- Koron, Pātrīšīyā, 2010, Tārīḵe Andīššeye Sīyāsīye Mosalmānān, Masʿūd J̌aʿfarī, Tehrān, Soḵan.
- Floten, Fān, Estīlāye Aʿrāb (Šīʿe va Mahdavīyat dar ʿahde Banī Omayye), 2011, Parvīz Sepītmān (Aḏkāyī), Qom, ketābḵāneye bozorge ḥażrat āyatollāh al-ʿoẓmā Marʿašī Naǰafī, ganǰīneye ǰahānīye maḵṭūṭāte Eslāmī.
- Maskawayh, abū ʿalī Maskawayh Rāzī, 2000, Taǰārob al-Omam wa Taʿāqob al-Homam, research: abū al-Qāsem Emāmī, Tehrān, Sorūš, Ṭ al-ṯānīya.
- Masʿūdī, abū al-Ḥasan ʿalī Ebn Ḥoseyn, 2005, Morūǰ al-Ḏahab wa Maʿāden al-J̌awhar, research: Kamāl Ḥasan Marʿī, Beyrūt, maktaba al-ʿaṣrīya.
- Masʿūdī, abū al-Ḥasan ʿalī Ebn Ḥoseyn, bītā, al-Tanbīh wa al-Ešrāf, taṣḥīḥ: ʿabdollāh Esmāʿīl al-Ṣāwī, al-Qāhera, dār al-Ṣāwī.
- Maqdesī, Moṭahhar Ebn Ṭāher, bītā, al-Badʾ wa al-Tārīḵ, Pūrsaʿīd, maktaba al-ṯṯaqāfa al-ṯaqāfa al-dīnīya.
- Nowbaḵtī, Ḥasan Ebn Mūsā, 1974, Feraq al-ŠŠīʿa, taǰome va moqaddame: Moḥammad J̌avād Maškūr, Tehrān, bonyāde farhange Īrān.
- nevīsandeye nāšenās, 1971, Aḵḵbār al-Dowla al-ʿabbāsīya, research: ʿabd al-ʿazīz al-Dūrī, ʿabd al-J̌abbār al-Moṭallebī, Beyrūt, dār al-ṭalīʿa le al-ṭabāʿa wa al-našr.
- al-ʿoyūn va al-Ḥadāʾeq (moʾallef nāšenās), 1871, taṣḥīḥ: M. J. De Goǰe, bereyl.
- nevīsandeye nāšenās, 1972, al-ǰozʾ al-rābeʿ, al-qesm al-awal, bīǰā, research: Nabīla ʿabd al-Monʿem Dāwūd.
- Moǰmal al-Tawārīḵ wa al-Qeṣaṣ (nevīsandeye nāšenās), 1939, taṣḥīḥ: Malek al-ŠŠoʿarāye Bahār, Tehrān, Kolāleye Ḵāvar.
- Nāšīʾ al-Akbar, 1971, Masāʾel al-Emāma wa Moqtaṭafāt men al-Ketāb al-Awsaṭ fī al-Maqālāt, ḥaqqaqohā wa qadam lahā: Yūsef Fān S, Beyrūt, dār al-našr Frānts Eštāyner.
- Hāmfreyz, R. Estīfen, 2017, Čahārčūbī barāye Pažhūheš dar Tārīḵe Eslām, J̌avād Moršedlū, Tehrān, pažūheškadeye tārīḵe Eslām.
- Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī al-Rūmī, 1993, Moʿǰam al-ʾodabāʾ ʾeršād al-ʾarīb ʾelā Maʿrefa al-ʾadīb, research: Eḥsān ʿabbās, Beyrūt, dār al-ḡarb al-eslāmī.
- Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad Ebn abī Yaʿqūb (Ebn Wāżeḥ), bītā, Tārīḵ al-Yaʿqūbī, Beyrūt, dār ṣāder.