Document Type : Scientific-Research

Author

Associate Professor, Guilan Study Institute, University Of Guilan, Rasht-Iran

Abstract

According to methods and standpoints, most accounts written by Jangali worriers or eyewitnesses to this movement are categorized as those supporting or rejecting the movement. Yeghikian, however, gives a narrative, both accurate and informed, of the movement from a bird’s eye view. He emphasizes the Soviet Union of Guilan and chronicles the movement. He employing a scientific method that is both rigorous and disinterested. However, there are overt signs of tilting towards the British and criticizing the Ottomans and Axis powers in his book. The research question is: What is Yeghikian’s approach to the historical development of the movement from the perspective of historiographical method and standpoint? The findings indicate that the account he provides is more documented than those presented by other historians. This stems from his association with a diverse range of warriors involved in the movement and having access to confidential documents. The desk method is employed in the study. The analytical-critical approach in historiography is applied to The Soviet Union and Jangal (Jungle) Movement and other works by Yeghikian revolving around this topic.

Keywords


List of sources with English handwriting
-         Ādamīat, Fereydūn (1363 Š.), Fikr-e Demokrāsī-ye Eĵtemā‘ī dar Nihżat-e Mašrūtīat-e Īrān, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Payām. [In Persian]
-         Ālīānī, Šāhpūr (1375 Š.), Nihżat-e ĵangal va Mo’ī al-Ruāyā (Ḥasan ḵān Ālīānī), with PTR Ālī Rafī‘ī ĵīrdahī, Tehran: Mīšā. [In Persian]
-         ‘Amū Oḡlī, Ḥiydar ḵān (1398 Š.), ḵātirāt-e Ḥiydar ḵān ‘Amū Oḡlī, Edited by Nāṣir al-Din Ḥasanzada, Tehran: Nāmak. [In Persian]
-         ‘Aẓīmī Dobaḵšarī, Nāṣir (1394 Š.), Rivāyatī No az ĵonbiš va Enqilāb-e ĵangal, Tehran: Žarf. [In Persian]
-         Bahār, Moḥammad Taqī (1357 Š.), Tārīḵ-e Aḥzāb-e Sīāsīye Īrān, Vol. 1, Tehran: Kitāb-e ĵībī. [In Persian]
-         Baḥr al-‘Olūm Qazvīnī, Sayyed Moḥammad (1396 Š.), Tārīḵča  ĵangalīān, Edited by Mahdī Nūrmoḥammadī, Tehran: Nāmak. [In Persian]
-         Bašri, Moḥammad (1371 Š.), Kitāba Kādūs, Tehran: Mo‘alim.
-         Dalīr, Nayira (1394 Š.), “Payāmadhā-ye Ravābit-e Mīrzā Kūčak ḵān-e ĵangalī bā Komonīsthā-ye Šoravī”, Maĵmū‘a Maqālāt-e Hamāyiš-e Millī-e Naqši Nihżati ĵangal bar Taḥavolāt-e Fikrī va Eĵtimā ‘īye Tārīḵ-e Mo‘āṣir, Edited by ‘Abbās Panāhī, Rašt: Entišārāt-e Dānišgāh-e Gīlān. [In Persian]
-         Faḵrāīī, Ebrāhīm (1355 Š.), Gīlān dar Goḏargāh-e Zamān, Tehran: ĵāvīdān. [In Persian]
-         Faḵrāīī, Ebrāhīm (1357 Š.), Gīlān dar ĵonbiši Mašrūtīat, Tehran: Franklin. [In Persian]
-         Faḵrāīī, Ebrāhīm (1354 Š.), Sardār-e ĵangal, Tehran: ĵavīdan. [In Persian]
-         Gīlak, Moḥammad ‘Alī (1371 Š.), Tārīk-e Enqilāb-e ĵangal, Rašt: Gīlakān. [In Persian]
-         Ḥasanābādī, Abulfażl (1393 Š.), “ĵāygāhi Nihżati ĵangal dar Tārīḵ-e Maḥallī-e Gīlān”, Maĵmū‘a Maqālāt-e Hamāyiš-e Millī-e Naqši Nihżati ĵangal bar Taḥavolāt-e Fikrī va Eĵtimā ‘īye Tārīḵ-e Mo‘āṣir, Edited by ‘Abbās Panāhī, Rašt: Entišārāt-e Dānišgāh-e Gīlān. [In Persian]
-         Ḥasanzada, Esmā‘īl (1388 Š.), “Bīniš va Raviš-e Tārīḵnigārī ‘Otbī”, Faslnama ‘Elmī va Pejūhešī Tārīḵnigarī va Tārīḵnigārī Dānišgāh-e Al-Zahrā, 19, no. 3 (80). [In Persian]
-         Kasmāīī, Aḥmad (1382 Š,), Yāddāšthā-ye Aḥmad Kasmāīī az Nihżat-e ĵangal, Edited by Manūčihr Hidāyatī, Rašt: Katība Gīl. [In Persian]
-         ḵosropanāh, Moḥammad Ḥossien (1395 Š.), Qerīqūr Yeqīkīān: Gozārišī dar Sosīāl Dimokrāsīye Īrān 1289-1327 Š., Tehran: Šīraza. [In Persian]
-         Makkī, Ḥossein (1363 Š.), Tārīḵ-e Bīst Sāla-ye Īrān, Vol. 1, Tehran: Nāšir. [In Persian]
-         Malikzada, Mahdī (1363 Š.), Tārīḵ-e Enqelāb-e Yeqīkīān, Qerīqūr tīat-e Īrān, Tehran: ‘Elmī. [In Persian]
-         Mānūkīān, Ārpī (1383 Š.), Kitāb-e Ḥizb-e Dāšnāk va ĵaryān-e Nihżat-e Mašrūta, Tehran: Tāmrang. [In Persian]
-         Panāhī, ‘Abbās (1396 Š.), Maḵaḏšināsī-ye Taḥlīlī Toṣīfī-ye ĵonbiši ĵangal, Rašt: Danišgāha Gīlān. [In Persian]
-         Panāhī, ‘Abbās (1394 Š.),Taĵzīya va Taḥlīl-e Tārḵnegārī-ye ĵonbiši ĵangal”, Maĵmū‘a Maqālāt-e Hamāyiš-e Millī-e Naqši Nihżati ĵangal bar Taḥavolāt-e Fikrī va Eĵtimā ‘īye Tārīḵ-e Mo‘āṣir, Edited by ‘Abbās Panāhī, Rašt: Entisšārāt-e Dānišgāh-e Gīlān. [In Persian]
-         Panāhī, ‘Abbās (1393 Š.), “Taṯīr-e Qafqāzī-hā va Sosīāl Domokrāthā bar Mašrūṭa-ye Gīlān va Āḏarbāiĵan”, Maĵmū‘a Maqālāt-e Hamāyiš-e Moĵāhidān-e Tabrīz, Edited by ‘Abbas Qadīmī Qidārī, Tabrīz: Sotūda. [In Persian]
-         Ramażānī, Bihnām (1397 Š.), Kitābšināsī Toṣīfī-ye Nihżat-e ĵangal, Rašt: Našr-e Farhang-e Īlīyā. [In Persian]
-         Ranĵbar, Maḥmūd (1393 Š.), “Faḵrāīī Tārīḵnigār-e Mašrūta-ye Īrān”, Maĵmū‘a Maqālāt-e Naḵost Hamāyiš-e Millī-e Mašrūta-ye Gīlān, Edited by Abbās Panāhī, Rašt: Našr-e Farhang-e Īlīyā. [In Persian]
-         Ravāsānī, Sāpūr (1366 Š.), Nihżat-e Mīrzā Kūčak ḵān va Avvalīn ĵomhūrī-ye Šorāīī dar Īrān, Tehran: Šam‘a. [In Persian]
-         Sartīppūr, ĵahāngīr (1397 Š.), “Yāddāšthā-ye Šādravān ĵahāngīr Sartīppūr”, Gīlavā, 26, No, 150, (Esfand- Ordībihīšt). [In Persian]
-         Sipānlū, Moḥammad ‘Alī (1387 Š.), Nivīsandigān-e Pīšru-e Īrān, Tehran: Nigāh. [In Persian]
-         Soltānīān, Ābūṭālib (1393 Š.), “Nigāhī Entiqādī ba Mohimtarīn Manābi‘ va Maāḵiḏ-e ĵonbiš-e ĵangal”, Maĵmū‘a Maqālāt-e Hamāyiš-e Millī-e Naqši Nihżati ĵangal bar Taḥavolāt-e Fikrī va Eĵtimā ‘īye Tārīḵ-e Mo‘āṣir, Edited by ‘Abbās Panāhī, Rašt: Enti s ar at-e Dānišgāh-e Gīlān. [In Persian]
-         Soltānzada, Avetis (1383), Enkišāf-e Eqtiṣādī-ye Īrān va Ampirīālīsm-e Engilistān, Translated by F. Kūšā, Tehran: Našr-e Māzīār. [In Persian]
-         Šahristānī, Nimat allāh (1391 Š.), Gāok (Afsa-e ālmānī dar Artiš-e Nihżat-e ĵangal), Rašt: Entišārāt-e Dānišgāh-e Gīlān. [In Persian]
-         Šākirī, ḵosro (1384 Š.), Pīšīna-hā-ye Eqtṣādī-Eĵtimā‘ī-ye ĵonbiš-e Mašrūṭīāt va Enkišāf-e Sosīāl Dimokrāsī, Tehran: Aḵtarān. [In Persian]
-         Ṣabūrī Dailamī, Moḥammad Ḥossein (1394 Š.), Nigāhī az Darūn bi Enqilāb-e Mosalahāni-ye ĵangal, Edited by Afšīn Parto, Rašt: Našr-e Farhang-e Īlīyā. [In Persian]
-         Ṣadr Hāšimī, Moḥammad (1363 Š.), Tārīḵ-e ĵarāyid va Maĵalāt-e Īrān, Vol. 1, Isfahan: Kamāl. [In Persian]
-         Ṭālibī, Farāmarz (1385 Š.), Armanīān-e Gīlān, Rašt: Našr-e Farhang-e Īlīyā. [In Persian]
-         Ṭabāṭabāīī, Mohīṭ (1366 Š.), Tārīḵ-e Taḥlīlī-ye Maṭbūāt-e Īrān, Bi‘ṯat. [In Persian]
-         Vāsākūnī, V. (1397 Š.), “Yik Sāl dar Gīlān, Taḥavolāt-e Sīāsī-ye Sāl-e 1919”, translated by Robert Vāhānīān & Mas‘ūd Ḥaqānī, Gilava, 27, No. 152 , Mordād, ahrīvar. [In Persian]
-         Hovīan, Andrānīk (1380 Š.), Armanīān-e Īrān, Tehran: Entišārāt-e Markaz-e Goftigūye Tamadonhā & Hermes. [In Persian]
-         Yeqīkīān, Qerīqūr (1322 Š.), Īrān-e Konūnī, No. 29, 9. [In Persian]
-         Yeqīkīān, Qerīqūr (1363 Š.), Šoravī va ĵonbiš-e ĵangal, Edited by Borzūye Dihgān, Tehran: Novīn. [In Persian]
 
References in English and French
-         Cosroe, Chaqeri (1995), The Soviet Socialist Republic of Iran, 1920-1921: Birth of the Trauma (Series in Russian and East European Studies), Universit of Pittsburg Press.
-         Dunsterville, Lionel Charles (1920), Adventures of Dunsterforce, London.
-         Genis, V. L. (1999), “Les bolcheviks au Guilan: La chute du gouvernement de Koutchek Khan (juin-juillet 1920)”, Cahiers du monde russe 40/3.
-         Stanford, Michael (1998), An Introduction to the Philosophy of History, UK: John Wiley and Sons.
-         Ter Minassian, Anahid (1989), The Revolution of 1905 in Transcaucasian, Armenian Review.
-         Persits, Moisei Aronovich (1999), A Shamefaced intervention: the soviet intervention in Iran 1920 -1921, Moscow: Russian Center for Strategic Research and International Studies.