Authors
1 Assistant Professor of Alzahra University
2 M. A. University sociology of alzahra University
Abstract
Self and other is a permanent concept. self always tries to mean the "existence" by creating an other for understanding the environment. Regarding this point, in this article we try to pay attention to the inconsistency of custom expectations in the frame of concept of sociological ambivalence and behaviors derived from it (psychological ambivalence) that is the source of many sociological problems and are originated from the historical conditions of society. Although English travel writers and orientalists had colonizing view in Ghajar period, investigation and classification of sociological behaviors from a foreigner's point of view, gives a relatively suitable ground for receiving social origin of inconsistencies of norm for sociological-historical researches. We try to pay attention to origin of this issue in Naseredin shah Qajar's period from the point of view of GeorgeCurzon, a travel writer and orientalist. The population of this article is ten English travel account that were written in Naseredin shah Qajar's period, among them travel account of George Curzon which is called Persia and the Persian Question was investigated as a sample. The types of sociological and psychological ambivalences and their social grounds were investigated from the point of view of Merton and by using typological approach and historical investigation method and qualitative content analysis. The results state that aberrant behavior (psychological ambivalence) that is originated from the fifth type of sociological ambivalence (or opposition between cultural and social structure), is mentioned more than other types in the travel account of Curzon. Also, spreading of of behavior imitated from the western lifestyle that is related to the sixth type of sociological ambivalence (with the difference and opposition of cultural values), is mostly observed in this travel account among high classesand in cultural-political ground.
Keywords
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